GRANT
Introduced or updated: v1.2.275
Grants privileges, roles, and ownership for a specific database object. This includes:
- Granting privileges to users or roles.
- Assigning roles to users or other roles.
- Transferring ownership to a role.
See also:
Syntax
Granting Privileges
To understand what a privilege is and how it works, see Privileges.
GRANT {
schemaObjectPrivileges | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ON <privileges_level>
}
TO [ ROLE <role_name> ] [ <user_name> ]
Where:
schemaObjectPrivileges ::=
-- For TABLE
{ SELECT | INSERT }
-- For SCHEMA
{ CREATE | DROP | ALTER }
-- For USER
{ CREATE USER }
-- For ROLE
{ CREATE ROLE}
-- For STAGE
{ READ, WRITE }
-- For UDF
{ USAGE }
privileges_level ::=
*.*
| db_name.*
| db_name.tbl_name
| STAGE <stage_name>
| UDF <udf_name>
Granting Role
To understand what a role is and how it works, see Roles.
-- Grant a role to a user
GRANT ROLE <role_name> TO <user_name>
-- Grant a role to a role
GRANT ROLE <role_name> TO ROLE <role_name>
Granting Ownership
To understand what ownership is and how it works, see Ownership.
-- Grant ownership of a specific table within a database to a role
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON <database_name>.<table_name> TO ROLE '<role_name>'
-- Grant ownership of a stage to a role
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON STAGE <stage_name> TO ROLE '<role_name>'
-- Grant ownership of a user-defined function (UDF) to a role
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON UDF <udf_name> TO ROLE '<role_name>'
Examples
Example 1: Granting Privileges to a User
Create a user:
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'abc123';
Grant the ALL privilege on all existing tables in the default database to the user user1:
GRANT ALL ON default.* TO user1;
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;
+-----------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-----------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL ON 'default'.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------+
Grant the ALL privilege to all the database to the user user1:
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'user1';
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;
+-----------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-----------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL ON 'default'.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------+
Grant the ALL privilege to the stage that named s1 to the user user1:
GRANT ALL ON STAGE s1 TO 'user1';
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL ON STAGE s1 TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT SELECT ON 'default'.'system'.'one' TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT SELECT ON 'default'.'information_schema'.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Grant the ALL privilege to the UDF that named f1 to the user user1:
GRANT ALL ON UDF f1 TO 'user1';
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL ON UDF f1 TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT SELECT ON 'default'.'system'.'one' TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT SELECT ON 'default'.'information_schema'.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Example 2: Granting Privileges to a Role
Grant the SELECT privilege on all existing tables in the mydb database to the role role1:
Create role:
CREATE ROLE role1;
Grant privileges to the role:
GRANT SELECT ON mydb.* TO ROLE role1;
Show the grants for the role:
SHOW GRANTS FOR ROLE role1;
+-------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT ON 'mydb'.* TO 'role1' |
+-------------------------------------+
Example 3: Granting a Role to a User
User user1 grants are:
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;
+-----------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-----------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL ON 'default'.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------+
Role role1 grants are:
SHOW GRANTS FOR ROLE role1;
+-------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT ON 'mydb'.* TO 'role1' |
+-------------------------------------+
Grant role role1 to user user1:
GRANT ROLE role1 TO user1;
Now, user user1 grants are:
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;
+-----------------------------------------+
| Grants |
+-----------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL ON 'default'.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'user1'@'%' |
| GRANT SELECT ON 'mydb'.* TO 'role1' |
+-----------------------------------------+
Example 4: Granting Ownership to a Role
-- Grant ownership of all tables in the 'finance_data' database to the role 'data_owner'
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON finance_data.* TO ROLE 'data_owner';
-- Grant ownership of the table 'transactions' in the 'finance_data' schema to the role 'data_owner'
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON finance_data.transactions TO ROLE 'data_owner';
-- Grant ownership of the stage 'ingestion_stage' to the role 'data_owner'
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON STAGE ingestion_stage TO ROLE 'data_owner';
-- Grant ownership of the user-defined function 'calculate_profit' to the role 'data_owner'
GRANT OWNERSHIP ON UDF calculate_profit TO ROLE 'data_owner';