Rust

Databend offers a driver (crates.io - databend-driver) written in Rust, which facilitates the development of applications using the Rust programming language and establishes connectivity with Databend. Please note that the driver currently does not support handling arrays.

For installation instructions, examples, and the source code, see GitHub - databend-driver.

Data Type Mappings

This table illustrates the correspondence between Databend general data types and their corresponding Rust equivalents:

Databend	Rust
BOOLEAN	bool
TINYINT	i8,u8
SMALLINT	i16,u16
INT	i32,u32
BIGINT	i64,u64
FLOAT	f32
DOUBLE	f64
DECIMAL	String
DATE	chrono::NaiveDate
TIMESTAMP	chrono::NaiveDateTime
VARCHAR	String
BINARY	Vec<u8>

This table illustrates the correspondence between Databend semi-structured data types and their corresponding Rust equivalents:

Databend	Rust
ARRAY[T]	Vec<T>
TUPLE[T, U]	(T, U)
MAP[K, V]	HashMap<K, V>
VARIANT	String
BITMAP	String
GEOMETRY	String

Databend Rust Driver Behavior Summary

The table below summarizes the main behaviors and functions of the Rust Driver and their purposes:

Function Name	Description
info	Returns the client's connection information.
version	Returns the result of executing the SELECT VERSION() statement.
exec	Executes an SQL statement and returns the number of rows affected.
query_iter	Executes an SQL query and returns an iterator for processing results row by row.
query_iter_ext	Executes an SQL query and returns an iterator that includes statistical information about the results.
query_row	Executes an SQL query and returns a single row result.
get_presigned_url	Generates a PRESIGN statement based on operation and Stage parameters, returning the HTTP method, headers, and URL.
upload_to_stage	Uploads data to a Stage. Uses PRESIGN UPLOAD by default for URL, or the v1/upload_to_stage API if PRESIGN is disabled.
load_data	Uploads data to a built-in Stage (upload_to_stage) and executes insert/replace with stage attachment.
load_file	Reuses the load_data logic to upload a file and insert data.
stream_load	Reads data as a Vec, converts it to CSV, then calls the load_data method.

Tutorial-1: Integrating with Databend using Rust

Before you start, make sure you have successfully installed a local Databend. For detailed instructions, see Local and Docker Deployments.

Step 1. Prepare a SQL User Account

To connect your program to Databend and execute SQL operations, you must provide a SQL user account with appropriate privileges in your code. Create one in Databend if needed, and ensure that the SQL user has only the necessary privileges for security.

This tutorial uses a SQL user named 'user1' with password 'abc123' as an example. As the program will write data into Databend, the user needs ALL privileges. For how to manage SQL users and their privileges, see User & Role.

CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'abc123';
GRANT ALL on *.* TO user1;

Step 2. Write a Rust Program

In this step, you'll create a simple Rust program that communicates with Databend. The program will involve tasks such as creating a table, inserting data, and executing data queries.

1

Create a new project

cargo new databend-demo --bin

Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "databend-demo"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
databend-driver = "0.7"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
tokio-stream = "0.1.12"

2

Copy and paste the following code to the file main.rs

note

The value of hostname in the code below must align with your HTTP handler settings for Databend query service.

main.rs

use databend_driver::Client;
use tokio_stream::StreamExt;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // Connecting to a local Databend with a SQL user named 'user1' and password 'abc123' as an example.
    // Feel free to use your own values while maintaining the same format.
    let dsn = "databend://user1:abc123@localhost:8000/default?sslmode=disable";
    let client = Client::new(dsn.to_string());
    let conn = client.get_conn().await.unwrap();

    let sql_db_create = "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS book_db;";
    conn.exec(sql_db_create).await.unwrap();

    let sql_table_create = "CREATE TABLE book_db.books (
    title VARCHAR,
    author VARCHAR,
    date VARCHAR
);";

    conn.exec(sql_table_create).await.unwrap();
    let sql_insert = "INSERT INTO book_db.books VALUES ('mybook', 'author', '2022');";
    conn.exec(sql_insert).await.unwrap();

    let mut rows = conn.query_iter("SELECT * FROM book_db.books;").await.unwrap();
    while let Some(row) = rows.next().await {
        let (title, author, date): (String, String, String) = row.unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
        println!("{} {} {}", title, author, date);
    }

    let sql_table_drop = "DROP TABLE book_db.books;";
    conn.exec(sql_table_drop).await.unwrap();

    let sql_db_drop = "DROP DATABASE book_db;";
    conn.exec(sql_db_drop).await.unwrap();
}

3

Run the program.

cargo run

Outputs

mybook author 2022

Tutorial-2: Integrating with Databend Cloud using Rust

Before you start, make sure you have successfully created a warehouse and obtained the connection information. For how to do that, see Connecting to a Warehouse.

Step 1. Create a Rust Crate

$ cargo new databend-sample --bin

Step 2. Add Dependencies

Edit the file named Cargo.toml with the following code:

[package]
name = "databend-sample"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

[dependencies]
chrono = "0.4"
databend-driver = "0.6"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
tokio-stream = "0.1"

Step 3. Connect with databend-driver

Edit the file named main.rs with the following code:

use databend_driver::Client;
use tokio_stream::StreamExt;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let dsn = "databend://{USER}:{PASSWORD}@${HOST}:443/{DATABASE}?&warehouse={WAREHOUSE_NAME}";
    let client = Client::new(dsn.to_string());
    let conn = client.get_conn().await.unwrap();

    let sql_table_dorp = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS data;";
    conn.exec(sql_table_drop).await.unwrap();

    let sql_table_create = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS data (
		i64 Int64,
		u64 UInt64,
		f64 Float64,
		s   String,
		s2  String,
		d   Date,
		t   DateTime)";

    conn.exec(sql_table_create).await.unwrap();
    let sql_insert = "INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1234', '2345', '3.1415', 'test', 'test2', '2021-01-01', '2021-01-01 00:00:00');";
    conn.exec(sql_insert).await.unwrap();

    let mut rows = conn.query_iter("SELECT * FROM data;").await.unwrap();
    while let Some(row) = rows.next().await {
        let (col1, col2, col3, col4, col5, col6, col7): (
            i64,
            u64,
            f64,
            String,
            String,
            chrono::NaiveDate,
            chrono::NaiveDateTime,
        ) = row.unwrap().try_into().unwrap();
        println!(
            "{} {} {} {} {} {} {}",
            col1, col2, col3, col4, col5, col6, col7
        );
    }
}

tip

Replace {USER}, {PASSWORD}, {WAREHOUSE_HOST}, and {DATABASE} in the code with your connection information. For how to obtain the connection information, see Connecting to a Warehouse.

Step 4. Run sample with Cargo

$ cargo run